和田玉lilaifeishengneiwai，renmendouzhidaotashizhenguideyushizhonglei，hetianyuyansezhongleifengfu，youxieyansedeyushidoushikeyubukeqiudechuanshizhenbao。liru：yangzhibaiyu、jiyouhuanghuangsehuangyu、cuiseyu、hongyudeng，yangzhiyujihuzhongsuozhouzhi，danshichangshangquenanmiqizong，jiqixiyouhanjian。haiyounaxieyansedehetianyu，shikeyubukeqiudechuanshizhenbao？

　　一、白色名品玉

　　1、“xuehuabai”，youcheng“xuehuayu”。shibaiyudedizishang，fenbuzhegengbaidexuzhuangwu――xuehuabandebaibanhuobaihua，baituandianjiaoduo、jiaojunyundifenbuzaiyushishang，yourudongtianlixuehuapiaowuzaitiankongzhong。“xuehuayu”dediziyoubaiyudi、qingbaiyudi、qingyudi。yixuehualijundeng，fenbujunyunweishang。zheiyeshiweiyinqishichangzhongshidemingpin。gudaiyoumingpinyuqi――“yibangxue”yubei，bizhekaozhengqisuoyongcaizhiyingwei“xuehuayu”。“xuehuayu”shijiaoyangzhiyugengmingguigengxiquedeyushi。zaiwoguoxinjiangyujikunlunyuzhongkeouranjiandao。qingmozhijindaideyujianzhong，kemidaoqizongying，jianzheyingjianjuegoujin。

　　2、“yangzhibaiyu”。dazhongsuozhizuiguangdemingyu，yizhibai、yourunzhucheng，“bairugezhi、runrujiefang”，shiweitezheng。chanliangjiaoxishao，jingujuntuichong，dangdairenduosouqiu。yinyangzhiyupinduojidianzaizangjiashouzhong，shichangshangnanjian，xuyaotixingdeshi，yangzhiyushishuiliaolidebaisejinghua，duobeigudaidiwangguizusuolongduan，guchutudemuzangyulikeyijiandaotadezongying，kexichangchangyinbushilushanzhenmianmuershizhijiaobei。

yangzhiyubajian：jingangfumo

　　3、“lizhiyu”。bushenbai，danyingrun，shuitoujiaoputongdebaiyugao，kedaweitouming。yurouruolizhirou，youlingdongxing，liangxishao，shijinnianbeifurentebieshidajiaguifutuichongdemeiyu。kunlunshanliaozhongyouzhi。yanxiajiahaibugao。qianjingguangkuo。

　　4、“cibaiyu”：baiyuzhongdemingpin。gudaiweizhi“cibai”“tianbai”，jiaogurenweizhide“nuomibaiyu”yaohao。zhidicishi，jiebai，baidujiaoyangzhibaigenggao。runxingquejiaoyangzhiyudi，zhidilvecu。qiguangzeweihanyouxingdecizhuangguangze。hetianshanliaozhongourankejian。jinniancongeluosijinkoudetoushanshizhiyuzhongkeyixunzhaodaokuaijiaoda(ru10-20cm)zhe。qiyoujiaodadejiazhizengzhikongjian，shichangqianlida。

　　5、“nuomibaiyu”：baiyuzhongdeshangpin，sebaizhiganruonuomi，jiguangzeganbuqiang，youxinghaikeyidebaiyu。toumingdulvehao。chanliangjiaoshao，jiazhikeguan。

　　二、黄色名品玉

　　1、“huangjinyu”：jidingjixihandemingyu。qimingguixingbuyayuhuangguan。huangjinyudeyanseyinweijinhuangerdeming。chanchuliangjiweixishao，gudaidianjizhongjizai，zhuyaochanzailuanlishizhuangdeziliaozhong，wanbuyuyi，kuaijiaoxiao，yourundugao。bizhezhijinweijianguoshiwu。xianglai，gudaidehuangjinyuduoyisuizangyudiwangdelingmuzhongle。

　　2、“jiyouhuang”huo“danhuangyu”。gaipinweihuangsehetianyu。qiseburuhuangjindehuangseyaomu，jiaojinhuangselvean，xiangdangyujiyouhuanghuozhushudejidanhuangse，danyourunxingyutoumingdujiaogao，kuaidubuda。yiziliaochanchuweizhu。zaiguwenxianjizaizhongchangnengxunjianqiming，danshiwunanzhao。bizhejinzaiershishijibashiniandaihouqiyushandongshengyijiadawenwudianneijiandaoyikuaiweidiaodeziliao，shuoshimingdaiyiwu，ruchawanbandaxiao，yourunrusu。houlaizaiyiyourenchujiandaoguoyikuairumuzhibandadeziliao，yaojiaguowan。

黄玉

　　3、“lizihuangyu”yu“pipahuang”、“qiukuihuang”、“daohuangyu”。gaileihuangyujunyurichangwudesehuangxiangfang。shimianshangourankejian。qingdaihuanggongyuzuofanghuozaobanchucengweiqianlongdijingdiaoguoshujiangaileihuangyubaijian。xianzaidebeijinggugongbowuyuanzhenbaoguanzhongjiuyoucileizhenzang，henzhengui。cijizhongyudeyansejiaojiyouhuangseyouanyideng，xianliangdulvedi。yourunxingxiancao，zhidishaocu。kuaijiaoda，kediaochu30cmyishangdegongyipin(gudaikejian)。dangjindehetianyushichangshangjinanjiandaozai10cmyishangde。gedandaxiaodecileiziliaodaoshikexun。danjiaqiankedawuqianyuan-wanyuan。

　　qitahuangseyurujinnianzailiaoningxiuyandengfaxiandehemoyuzhongdehuangyu，youxingjiaweizhi“hemohuang”huochengzhi“hamahuangyu”。zebunengyushangshumingpinxiangtibinglun。

　　三、红色调玉

　　suyanyun：“yushiguahong，jiazhiliancheng”，shishuohongseyujiweizhengui。keyishuo，hongseyushihetianyuzhongdedingjianzhe。youwenxianshuo，hongseyushihetianyubeitieyuansuzaiziranhuanjingzhongransesuozhi。zheishicuowude。shijishanghongyushitianshengdeyuanshengyushi，shiyushishengchengguochengzhongtianranxingchengde，dangrantielizishizhiseyuanyin———tielizishiyulvyuanziyiqixingchengzaitoushanshineide，erfei“wuran”zhise。zheiyidian，feichangzhongyao，bukebuzhi。

　　1、hongyu：jiduanxishao。changweizhengkuaiyushideyidianhuojubu，ourankejiandaoquansedexiaokuaiziliao。gudaiyouyupingjiatuichongwei“yanruojiguan”。shishishanghongyuzhihongnengdadao“zaopihong”jiushinanjiandemingpinle。donghanwangyijiurenweiyufenchi、bai、qing、heisise，yichiweishang。

　　2、“fenyu”：yuzhongdejishaopinzhong，gudaiwenxianhenshaotiji。zaijinniandeshichangshang，ruoliuxin，keyijiandao。qisedanya，baizhonghanfen，bushenyan、sebushennong。youshuoshihetianchandeliao，youshuoshikunlunliao，yeyoushuo，eluosiyuzhongyouzhi。zheixiexiguidemingpin，muqianweibeishichangkaifa，shikeyisoujidaodezhenguiyuliao，qianjingguangkuo。yourenxiangbizhechushiyikuaiweifenbaisexinfangzigangyuguanyinpai，zhangfangxing，7.6*4.8*0.8cm，kaijia2.6wanyuan。qiguizaiyufense，erfeigongqian。bizhexiguanshi，ciyusihuyouyoulizhiyudeweidao，yingweimingpin。

　　3、“ziyu”：gudaiwenxiantuichongdemingyu。qiseyingbushennongzhong。zhiseyuansuyimengweizhu，yeyounieyutiedeyuanziqizuoyong。qiseshibaisezhongtouzheziguang，yisiyousiwudezisezhidanseziweizhu。nengdadaozhongdengnongduzi，yishijuenandechengdule。“putaozi”nanjian，ziyunanqiu、jiaanggui。

　　四、绿色名品玉

　　1、“cuiseyu”。serufeicuidelvse，congcuiyangqiao。zaizhongguochuantongmingyuzhongshucuiseyu，ru“yinggelv”。cizhongyushijishaojian，qisesihushilvzhongweihanlansediao。jinnian，zaimiandianshichangshang，chuxianletoushanshizhidecuiseyu，jixishao，danzaoyichuanruzhongguo。

　　2、“bibolvyu”。shi《tiangongkaiwu》zhongcengtidaoguo“birubocai”deshangdenglvyu。shiyouzhihetianyuzhongdemingpin，qiselvrunenbocaiye，yichangyouren。zaigudaiyiliudemingyuzhongkexunjianqizongying，danshiqiseduobuhenzheng，qieyouzangdian。jinnian，zaishichangshang，nengjiandaocileiyudeyingzi，dankuaiduxiao。juchuan，zijianadajinkoudetoushanshizhilvbiyuzhong，ketiaoxuanchuhenshaode“bibolv”pinzhong。

菠菜绿碧玉

　　3、“jiucailvyu”：qilvdexianyandujiao“bibolv”di，selvean、nong，toumingduyeshaodi。dansejunyun。gudaideyixiebiyubanzhicaiyongcizhongmingpindiaozhuo。

　　五、黑色玉

　　yi“heiruchuntan、moruochunqi”de“meirenji”、“tanguohui”yuwenming。butouming，guangzeyaoyourun，suiweimingyu，danjiazhijiaoqitayousemingyushaodi。

　　六、巧色名玉

　　1、“wucaiyu”：gurenyun：“yuyouwucai，douliangchezai”，shishuowucaiyutaishaole，qijiazhikeyongdoujingouzhi，nengdishangyidacheyinqian。wucaiyu，shishuoyikuaiyushanghanyouhongdian、lvban、mokuai、hehuohuihuohuangdeyanse，diziweibai、qingbai、qingdeng。ziliaohetianyunanqiu“wucai”se，tongchangduojianyushanliaozhong。

　　2、“wenliangyu”yu“shuangseyu”。xiangchuan，taishandaimiaolishouzangzheyikuaigudaide“wenliangyu”。yikuaiyuyouliangzhongwendu，feichangqiyi。“shuangseyu”：yikuaiyuzhongyoujieranbutongdeliangzhongse：ruyibanbai，yibanhei，huoyibanbai，yibanlvdengdeng，xiqizhenyi。

　　3、“huoyu”：qiyiyu。yikuaiyujinghuolichongpeiderenshipanwanjiule，yuzhilingdong，chansheng“sebian”，chuanshuopeidaiyushenkebixie。jiujingpanhuodechutuguyu，biaomianbaoqichongzu。

　　4、qiaopiyu。ziyuzhong，tianranxingchengkeyiguanshangdehuawentuan，huozhepiqiaochanshenglebutongdesekuaizuhe，shiouranqiaodedeyizhen。bizhecengjiechudaoyikuaiyupiyouyiruo“shaoshuminzunvhai”deziyu，houbeiyourensuoqu。yushiyiqiweizhen。

　　zaiqiaopiyuzhong，you“jinguo(bao)yin”he“yinguo(bao)jin”yu。doushiqiaodiaoyudemingpin。“jinguoyin”shiyupiweihuangse，rouzhiweibaiyu。“yinbaojin”zezhengxiangfan。zheiliangpinmingyu，junweiziyu，keyubukeqiu。jiaweidouxiangdanggao。suibiantiyiju：tianranyupizhenguideshijinpi、hongpi、huangpi、wuyiyuwucaipi。

　　yishangsuoliezhimingyu，doushikeyubukeqiudechuanshizhenbao，yuzhibukecuoguo。raner，hanjianpinzhongderendinghejianbiefeichangzhinan，suoyixuyaoyoujinshendetaidu，buranhenkenengwuruqitu，tulaowugong。