印章delishihenyoujiu，zhongguodeyinzhangjuyoushenhoudelishiwenhua，xiangyaolejiezhongguodeyinzhang，jiubixuconglejiezhongguoyinzhangwenhuakaishi。yinzhanggenjulidairenmindexiguanyou：yinzhang、yinxin、ji、zhuji、hetong、guanfang、tuzhang、fu、qi、ya、chuozidenggezhongchenghu。

　　古代印章的起源：

　　zhongguodediaokewenzi，zuigudeyouyindejiaguwen，zhoudezhongdingwen，qindekeshideng，fanzaijintongyushidengsucaishangdiaokedewenzitongcheng“jinshi”。xiyinjibaokuozai“jinshi”li。xiyindeqiyuanhuoshuoshangdai，huoshuoyindai，zhijinshangwudinglun。

　　genjuyiwuhelishijizai，zhishaozaichunqiuzhanguoshiyichuxian，zhanguoshidaiyipubianshiyong。qichuzhishizuoweishangyeshangjiaoliuhuowushidepingzheng。qinshihuangtongyizhongguohou，yinzhangfanweikuodaweizhengmingdangquanzhequanyidefawu，weidangquanzhezhangwo，zuoweitongzhirenmindegongju。

　　印章亦称“图章”，古称“玺”。

　　qintongyiliuguohou，huangdisuoyongdezhuancheng“xi”，yiyuweizhi，guhoushiyou“yuxi”zhicheng，guan、sisuoyongdejungaicheng“yin”。zhihandai，guanyinzhongshiyou“zhang”ji“yinzhang”zhicheng。tangyihou，huangdisuoyonghuocheng“bao”，guan、sisuoyongyouyou“ji”、“weiji”、“guanfang”、“tuzhang”、“huaya”dengmingcheng。 wenzixingzhisuishidaibianqian，fenggegeyi。

　　yinzhangdechuxianheshiyong，yibanrenweishiyuchunqiuzhanguozhijian;xianqinjiqinhandeyinzhangduoyongzuofengfaduixiang、jianduzhiyong，bayingaiyufengnizhishang，yifangsichai，bingzuoxinyan。erguanyinyouxiangzhengquanli。houtongjianduyiweizhibo，fengnizhiyongjianfei。

　　yinzhangyongzhuseqiangai，churichangyingyongwai，youduoyongyushuhuatishi，suichengweiwoguoteyoudeyishupinzhiyi。gudaiduoyongtong、yin、jin、yu、liulidengweiyincai，houyouya、jiao、mu、shuijingdeng，yuandaiyihoushengxingshizhang。

　　chuanshidegudaixiyin，duoshuchuyuguchengfeixu、heliuhegumuzhong。youdeshizhanzhengzhongzhanbaizheliuwangshisuoyiqi，yeyouzaizhanzhengzhongxunzhizheyiqizaizhanchangshangde，erdangshifadongjiguanli，fanzaizhanchangshangluhuodeyinzhangbixushangjiao，erguanliqianzhi、sihouyexutuojieyinshoushangjiao。qitayoubushaoruguanzhilianxingmingde，yijijiyuyin、xiaoxingyindengyibanshixunzangzhiwu，erbushishipin。qitazaizhanguoshidaidetaoqihebiaozhunliangqishang，yijiyouxiezhuhouguodejinbishang，douyongyinzhanggaishangmingchenghejilushangzhizaogongjiangdemingxinghuotujixingzhidefuhao，yebeiliuchuanxialai。

　　战国古玺

　　guxishixianqinyinzhangdetongcheng。womenxianzaisuonengkandaodezuizaodeyinzhangdaduoshizhanguoguxi。zheixieguxidexuduowenzi，xianzaiwomenhaixiarenshi。zhuwenguxidadoupeishangkuanbian。yinwenbihuaxiruhaofa，douchuyuzhuzao。baiwenguxidaduojiabianlan，huozaizhongjianjiayishujiege，wenziyouzhuyouzao。guanxideyinwenneirongyou“sima”、“situ”dengmingchengwai，haiyougezhongbuguizedexingzhuang，neironghaikeyoujiyuheshengdongdewutuan。

　　秦印

　　zhideshizhanguoweiqidaoxihanchuliuxingdeyinzhang，shiyongdewenzijiaoqinzhuan。kanqishutiheqinhanliang，qinshikedengwenzijixiangjin，suoyoujiaozhanguoguwenrongyirenshi。qinyinduoweibaiwenzaoyin，yinmianchangyou“tian”zige，yizhengfangweiduo，dijizhiguanshiyongdeguanyindaxiaoyueweiyibanzhengfangguanyindeyiban，chengzhangfangxing，zuo“ri”zige，cheng“bantongyin”。siyinyibanyexizuozhangfangxing，ciwaihaiyouyuanhetuoyuandexingshi，neirongchuguanming、xingming、jiyuwaihaiyou“jingshi”、“hezhong“denggeyanchengyuruyin，fenggecangxiu。yuhanyinbingweihoushizhuankejiasuoxuexi。

　　汉官印

　　guangyidishuoshihanzhiweijinshiqideguanyindetongcheng。yinwenyuqinzhuanxiangbi，gengweizhengqi，jiegougoupingzhifangzheng，fenggexionghunzhuangzhong。xihanmoshougongyeshenweifada，suoyixinmangshidai，(“xin“weiwangmangdechaodaiming)deguanyinyouweijingmeishengdong，handaideyinzhangyishudengfengzaoji，yinerchengweihoushizhuankejiaxuexidedianfan。lianghanguanyinyibaiwenweiduo，jieweizhuzao。zhiyoushaoshujunzhongjiyonghejixiongdiminzudeguanyinzaoerbuzhu。

　　汉私印

　　hansiyinjiweihandaidesirenyongyin，shiguyinzhongshuliangzuiduo、xingshizuiweifengfudeyilei。bujinxingzhuanggeyi，zhubaijiebei，gengyouzhubaiheweiyiyin，huojiasilingdengtuanzuoweizhuangshide，jineryouduomianyin、taoyin(zimuyin)、daigouyindeng。yinwenchulexingmingzhiwai，wangwanghaijiashangjiyu、jiguan、biaoziyiji“zhiyin“、”siyin“、”xinyin“dengfuzhuwenzi，niuzhijiweiduoyang，chongfenxianshilehandaigongjiangdeqiaosi。lianghansiyinrengyibaiwenweiduo，xihanyizaoyinweizhu，donghanzeyouzhuyouzao。

　　汉玉印

　　lianghanyuyinzaiguyinzhongshishifenzhenguixishaodeyilei。“peiyu”zaigudaiyeshiminggongguiqingheshidafudeyizhonggaoyafengshang。yibanyuyinzhizuojingliang、zhangfayanjin、bishiyuanzhuan，cukanbihuapingfangzhengzhi，quequanwubanzhizhiyi。youyuyuzhijianying，buyishoudao，yejiuchanshengleteshudezhuankejifa，jisuoweide“pingdaozhixia”de“qiedaofa”。youyouyuyuzhidebuyifushishousun，shichuanshixiayindeyibijiaohaodibaoliuletadebenlaimianmu。zhanguoguxiwulunguanxi、sixi,zhididadoushitongzhi,jianyouyinheyu,yincaixuanyongbingwudingzhi。erdaoleqindaijiuyouleyangeguiding，zhiyoudiwangyongzicheng“xi”，yiyuzuoyincai。chenminyongyincheng“yin”，bunengyongyu。handaiouyouyongyude，ru“huanghouzhizhi”he“huaiyangwangxi”。siyinzhongyongyudezelvjianbuxian。