清代是我国封建社会的最后一个王朝，玉器zaizheiyishiqidedaolekongqianfazhan，xingchenglewoguogudaiyuqishishangdeyouyigegaofeng。qingdaiyuqidepinzhongheshulianghenduo，yichenshepinhepeishizuiduo，yezuiweijingmei。chenshepinyoufangqingtongqidefangguqimin，haiyougezhongyuyijixiangdedongwuzaoxing。

　　wanqing cuiyushuanglonghuohuanergailu

　　lucuiyuzhi，yuanxing，shujing，gufu，xiachengsanzu。yougai，gaiyuanpieding，diaotaishishaoshiweiniu。weichikou，houchun，jianliangceshiduichenglonger，getaoyihuan，fuxiayousanshishoutunshizu。

　　ciluyishangchengershuodadecuiyuliaodiaozhuoercheng，taotangguizheng，jingdiaoxizhuo，yingruntongtou，weicuiyuqizhongzhijipin。

　　feicuizaiqingshiqishijishunzhinianjianyoumiandianliuruzhongguo，dangshifeicuiduoweihuangshisuoyou，liusandaominjianshenshao。ziqianlongdikaishi，jiaqing、daoguang、xianfeng、tongzhi、guangxu、xuantongqiweihuangdijihoufeimenjunduifeicuiqingyouduzhong，huanguanheshangjiayifeicuishouzangfengjianlaihengliangcaishi，gufeicuiyouchengzhiwei“huangjiayu”、“diwangyu”，qidiweilingjiayugezhongbaoshizhishang。

　　qingqianlong yuzhibaiyudiaoruyichangqingsongzhiruishuwenbitong

　　cijianjingmeibaiyubitongnaihetianshangdengyangzhibaiyuzhuozhi。tongshenqugusongduanzuozhuti，jiayigusong、lingzhi、songshuzuowenshi，bitongwaibifudiaosongganquzhepanrao，songshuxiashengkailingzhishuduo，yijisongshuxixiqijian，shibitongyangyichuyigurushuhuabanqingxin、youyashangxinyuemudehuamian，jiashanggaochaodediaogong，shilingrenaibushishou。song——yushuangxueerbudiao，yuganhanrengnengshengjiangran，youruwenshijianyibuqudefenggu，ziguyilaiyibeiwenren、yashisuochengsong，gurenshisongweijianzhenzhiyinyu，bingbuduanbeizuoweiwenxue、yishudechuangzuoticai，congzhengtikanlai，cibaiyubitongshenxingjianbei，gousijingmiaobulusuqi，yinyuezhongkeganshoudaoyourushenzangzhenongnongdewenrenpinweiyuqizhong。

　　zongguanqianlongyichao，yuqichanliangsuiyinqianlongershisinianpingdinghuibuhou，yucaijianliangzeng，dangongruchaotingdeyucaiyibanhaishiyiqingyu、biyujuduo，zhiyuxihanzuibuyijian，gengbielunrusibandeyangzhibaiyudaliao。

　　qingqianlong yuzhibaiyudiaoshierchenshuangxiwenhuohuanlian

　　qingqianlong feicuifudiaokuilongwenshuangerlongniufangding

　　feicuilijuyouboliguangze，bantoumingzhitouming，chanyuyunnanxibujimiandiandengdi。yinhanyoubutongyanselizierchengxiangezhongbutongyanse，tongchangyoubai、hong、lv、zi、huang、fendengse。chunjingwuzazhizheweibaise，haiyougeyuansuchengxianyanlidedanlv、shenlvseweicui，hanmengzechengxiandanzise、shenzise，changchengweifei，hangetongchengxiandanhuang、danqingsechengganlanshui。

　　haofeicuiyansehao，zhidijiqixini，yibandexiannenpiaoliang，zhidijiaotouming，boliguangzeqiang，zhidichunjing，xianjingyingtitou，shugaodangpinzhongzhijipin。

　　qingqianlong yuzhiqingbaiyuruishouyuyanwenpushouxianhuanerhu

　　yuzhiqingse，wenrunzifei，youliujibaisexia。yucaihanda，xingzhihualidaqi。fangguyiqihuxing，jingjiaoxi，shisandaotuxianwenjijuanyunwen、kuilongwengeyizhou，hufushixuanwu、linyujibaoyawen，fenshangxialianglan，yisandaodaiwenqufen，quanyiqianfudiaogongyidiaocheng。jingliangcejixiafubushigaofudiaoshouxianhuaner，qixiataohuohuan。shengluowenquanzu。zhengtidiaokefanfu，shenqianjunyun，zhizuojingxiguizheng，kejianyushideyifanbiejujiangxin，zhizuoshisunliaopoduoqiebeijiadiaogongdenandu，weiqianlongshiqifangguyuqidedingjianzhizuo。

　　qingqianlong baiyuwannianruyilian

　　baiyuliao，sezewenrun。tichengyuanxing，yougai。gaimianzhuosizuruyiyuntuan，huaxinggainiu，bazuruyitouweihuaban，xinzhongkong。qitiwaibizhuosiduinianyu，yuhuishou，tichengsxing，titaixiangfan，ruyixingwei。liangtixianglian，liangyushouzhongshiruyitou，liangweizhongdiaoyunleiwen，dichengsiaizu。ciqidiaozhuojingmei，xiantiaoliuchang，gupoqingya，yuyijixiang。

　　lianweigudaifunvshengxiangwuhuoshuzhuangyongpinzhiqi，ercilianweibiaozhundeqingchaozhipin。

　　qingqianlong biyukuilongwenshouerxianhuanshiniugaiping

　　gaiqicaiyongshanghaobiyuzhicheng，sezewenrun，xinicangcui。zaoxingfangqingtongqi，qixingzhuangzhong，yunyongfudiaodiaozhuowenshi，fanfuhuamei，zhuangshixiaoguojiqiang。gainiujijingbuchuji，dingbuyuandiaoshiniu，aolixiongju，wangtianhouxiao，juanweifeiyang，lingdongzhangyangqishifeifan。pingjianshengshuangshouer，shiyidaneijingdianzhuangshi，xiaxianhuohuan，jingmeiyichang，pingshenfangqingtongqishoumianwen，xiaweikuilongwen。chuchuzhangxianguyapozhuodeweimei，juyouqianlonggongtingzhiyudefengfan。pingdiluo“qianlongnianzhi”sizikaishukuan。

　　qingqianlong baiyudiaotaipingyouxiangjixiangwannianruyi

　　baiyuruyiyizhengliaohetianyuanshiyitichengxing，zuoyunyeshishou，shoumiansizhouqiyuntouwenbiankuang，biankuangneizhengzhongyangxianyitidijifagoulechubaoxiangtuopingdexingxiang，ranhouzaiyiyadiyinqijifazhuokebaoxiangdexibuwenshi。baoxianghuishouyaobi，shoujishenquxiyouyingluo，sizhizhili，xiangbeibingpiyouchuisuiantan，antanshangqianfudiaoruizhibianfujiangyahaishuiwen，yuyi「fushouruyi」。lingwai，xiangbeisuofudepingneichayouzhezhilingzhi，youyubaoxianglianjiewei「taipingyouxiang」demeihaozhudao。

　　baoxiangzhiwai，xianjiandiyiza，ranhoufenbiefudiaobaokuo：xijiao、aiye、yuqing、shuce、guqian、fangsheng、huajuan、wanzibaozhudengzaineidebabaowen，babaoyouchengzabao，shigurenyanzhongbazhongxiangruidexiangzheng。qizhongxijiaoyuyishengli、aiyekeyibixie、yuqingjuxiqingzhiyi、shuceyinyuzhihui、guqiandaibiaofuyou、fangshengkezhiyouya、huajuanzhangxianwenyafengyun、wanzibaozhuzeyouxiangguangwanzhangdezhaoxiang。youruyibingshenzhongbulongqi，tongshenjibenguangsu，zhizailongqidebingshenwaibifudiao「jixiangwannian」sizixiumeidezhuanshu。zhibuzechengjiantouzhuang，shangyoujihexingfudiaojieshi，zhiduanbingzuanyouxiangbichuankongqiechuixihongseshuangsuiliusu。

　　qingqianlong baiyuyuandiaopixiebaijian

　　qingqianlong huangyufanggurudingwenshuanglianbi

　　qingshijiangrenhuoyigongzhongjiuzangguyulianbiweilanben，ranhuodongloukongbixin，zesiweiqingchaoxinchuang。cipinbixin，yishitaijitu，xiangzhengyuzhoubenyuan，yinyanghundun，zhouerfushi，lingyibixinzediaofuwen，shiweimingbian，youdiwangmingbianshifei、zhicuonenggaizhiyu。xianglianerbizhixiaoyutaohuan，beimiantudiaogulipailieerchengzhi「luoshu」tuan，guyoucheng「jiugongtu」、「jiugongsuan」，huoxifangsuoweizhi「mofang」huo「huanfang」，qishupai、hengliehuoduijiaozonghejiexiangtong，citaohuanshangzhimeiliezonghezeweishiwu。luoshu，zuizaojianyuxihan ，xiangchuannaicangtianshouyuxianjunzhituxiang、shulie。erbixinlouyuzhou、xiandizhizheng，peiyitaohuanzhishi，yourutiancimingjunluoshu，qiadaohaochu。